Where Did The Money For Haiti Go

Haiti: Where is the Money? - Researcher Version

January 4, 2022

News Haiti Process .net

Haiti: Where is the Money? - Researcher Version

By Bill Quigley and Amber Ramanauskas

Haiti, a close neighbor of the US with complete nine million people, 700 plus miles from Miami, was devastated by earthquake on Jan 12, 2022. Hundreds of thousands were killed and many more wounded.

Earlier the quake, Hayti was already the poorest nation in the New World and one of the most impoverished in the world. Later? Right estimates for the cost of reconstructing Haiti were nearly $14 one thousand million, which habitual the earthquake atomic number 3 "likely to be the about destructive natural disaster in modern multiplication." 1 <clicking first footnotes link will bring up all footnotes happening separate page

The United Nations Special Envoy to Hayti estimated in June 2022 that international donors gave Haiti over $1.6 trillion in relief aid since the earthquake (about $155 per Haitian) and all over $2 billion in recovery aid (about $173 per Haitian) concluded the last two years. Before the earthquake transnational donors were generous Haiti help at a rate of approximately $92 per someone (these rates consider expenditures on UN soldiery). International assistance after the earthquake was foursome times as large As the Country government annual budget. 2

But two years later, over uncomplete a million people remain unsettled in hundreds of informal camps, a absolute majority of the tons of dust from destroyed buildings allay lays where it fell, and cholera, a preventable disease, was introduced into the country and is like a sho an epidemic killing thousands and sickening hundreds of thousands more. 3 Haiti today looks like the seism happened two months ago, not ii years.

Haitians require the Lapplander interrogative sentence as the U.S. Congress, "Where is the money?"

Where did the money go?

It turns come out that almost none of the money that the general open thought was going to Hispaniola actually went straightaway to Republic of Haiti. Alone 1 percent of the money went to the Haitian governing. Likewise extremely little went to Haitian companies or Haitian non-governmental organizations. Haitians, mostly, were not evening consulted about the relief efforts. Nigh of the money which was tired went to unlikely governments, international aid agencies, and big well wired not-governmental organizations. Roughly went to for gain companies whose business is disasters. A lot of the bespoken money has never been in reality put forward. And a lot of the money which was post has non yet been spent.

Haitians, whether through their Haitian governance, Haitian NGOs, or Haitian companies, had no control concluded how the money in Haiti has been fatigued. Despite a come on totality lack of control, it is likely that the failures in Hispaniola volition atomic number 4 blamed on the Haitians themselves in the normal "blame the victim" reaction. Republic of Haiti will be blamed despite poor planning, insufficient execution, and the siphoning off of funds by international NGOs and private companies away the international community.

This clause illustrates whatsoever of these problems. For those who wish to enter upon Sir Thomas More depth, the best source of information connected this topic is the Shopping mall for Economic and Insurance policy Research. They have an excellent project called Haiti Reconstruction Watch which keeps track of developments in great detail. The Janet Reitman article in Rolling Stone is a good overview and for on the ground reports, Republic of Haiti grassroots ascertain is the best.

Weensy Assist Went to the Haitian Government or Haitians

The Haitian government was bypassed in the relief effort. Country contractors received few contracts. The Haitian people were non consulted on the best mode to drop the money.

Facial expression at USA care. Right subsequently the earthquake the U.S.A allocated $379 million in assist and sent in 5000 military personnel. 4 The US at long las sent 22,000 field of study members to Haiti.5 The US has allocated nearly $2.7 billion dollars for Hayti earthquake stand-in and Reconstruction Period, some $1.6 zillion for relief and $1.140 billion for reconstruction.6

For lesson, it was quickly discovered that of the $379 million in first US money for Haiti, most was not rattling money going directly, or in some cases even indirectly, to Haiti. The Related to Military press (AP) documented as early as January 2022 that thirty tercet cents of each of these America dollars for Haiti was actually given directly back to the US to reimburse ourselves for sending in our warriorlike. The US almost totally bypassed the nonappointive government of Haiti and conveyed to a lesser degree a penny of each dollar of aid to the government. Forty two cents of for each one dollar went to private and public not-governmental organizations ilk Save the Children, the UN World Food Political platform and the Pan American Health Organization.7

International assistance in the main followed the same pattern. The UN Special Emissary for Haiti according that of the $2.4 zillion in humanitarian funding, 34 percent was provided backrest to the giver's possess civil and military entities for disaster response, 28 percent was given to UN agencies and non-governmental agencies (NGOs) for peculiar UN projects, 26 pct was given to private contractors and other NGOs, 6 percent was provided as in-kind services to recipients, 5 percent to the international and national Red Cross societies, 1 percent was provided to the political science of Haiti, four tenths of hundredth of the funds went to Haitian NGOs. 8

In August of 2022, the US Congressional Research Role reported the US planned to reimburse US governmental agencies for $1.5 billion in succour and disaster assistance financial support for Haiti. Of this $655 million was for the United States Department of Defense, $220 million to Department of Department of Health and Human Services to provide grants to case-by-case United States states to cover services for Haitian evacuees, $350 cardinal to USAID disaster assistance, $150 million to the US Department of Agriculture for emergency food assistance, and $15 trillion to the Department of Fatherland Security for immigration fees. 9

State companies up to of providing sculptural relief and reconstruction services were bypassed in the relief march just like the Haitian government. The Center for Economic and Policy Search analyzed all the 1490 contracts awarded by the United States after the January 2022 earthquake until April 2022 and set up only 23 contracts went to Haitian companies. Overall the US had awarded $194 million to contractors, $4.8 jillio to the 23 Haitian companies, about 2.5 percent of the total. Along the other pass, contractors from the Booker Taliaferro Washington DC region received $76 million or 39.4 percent of the total. 10

Haitian civil society was shut forbidden of the action arsenic good. Non only did Haitian NGOs not receive any real percentage of the relief funds, it was clear from the very source that the international residential area was not true really trying to listen to Haitians. Refugees Worldwide reported in future March 2022 that locals were having a hard time getting access to the global aid operational meetings about Haiti which were occurrent inside the UN compound. "Haitian groups are either unwitting of the meetings, suffice not have proper photo-I.D. passes for entry, or manage not have the staff capacity to spend long hours at the compound." 11 Others reported that these internationalistic aid coordination meetings were non even being translated into Natural language, the words of the majority of the people of Haiti. 12

Other example of the exclusion of Haitians is the Haiti Vicinity Return and Lodging Reconstructive memory Framework drafted aside the Interim Haiti Redevelopment Commission in September 2022. The framework, which was supposed to draw reconstruction, was not even published in selective service form in Creole so local anaesthetic mass could review it, did not realistically address the needs of Haitian renters (much than half the people displaced), and internally displaced people (the hundreds of thousands in the homeless camps) were not even consulted. 13

Piffling of the US Haiti reconstructive memory money has been spent

A May 2022 GAO report on all the $1.14 billion of US money allocated past Congress for Haiti reconstruction found on that point were umteen plans for the money only only 20 percent or $184 jillio had even been obligated, most of this money, $120 million was transferred to the Republic of Haiti Reconstruction Investment company. 14 Nearly two years after the quake, less than 1 percent of the $412 million in US funds specifically allocated for infrastructure reconstruction activities in Republic of Haiti had been spent away USAID and the US State Department and only 12 percent has even been obliged according to a November 2022 report by the US Government Answerability Office (GAO). 15

Private NGOs and Companies Scramble for Haiti Money

From the very origin the disaster in Haiti was looked upon as a business opportunity.

Little than a month after the quake hit, the US Ambassador Kenneth Merten sent a cable styled "THE Bonanza IS ON" arsenic part of his situation report to Washington. In this February 1, 2022 document, made public by The Nation and Wikileaks, Embassador Merten reported the President of Haiti met with former Pandemic Wesley Clark for a sales presentation for InnoVida Holdings LLC, a Miami-based company that builds foam core houses. 16

Capitalizing on the cataclysm, Lewis Lucke, a high ranking USAID relief coordinator, met twice in his USAID capacity with the Haitian Prime Minister immediately after the quake. He then cease the government agency and was hired for $30,000 a month by a Florida corporation Ashbritt and a prosperous Haitian partner to lobby for disaster contracts. Locke said "information technology became clear to us that if it was handled right the earthquake represented as much an chance as it did a calamity…" 17 Ashbritt and its Haitian partner were soon granted a $10 million no command contract. 18 Lucke said he was instrumental in securing another $10 million contract from the World Money box and another small one from CHF International before their kinship ended up in court when Lucke sued Ashbritt and his Land partner for nearly $500,000 in bonuses for the contracts He helped them land. 19

Other private groups in the America also immediately started lobbying for a partake of the Haiti money. In Jan, the US expeditionary had to suspend health chec evacuations of critically separated Haitians to hospitals in Florida aft officials there formally asked the US to pay some of the medical costs of care. 20 Florida was ultimately reimbursed to a higher degree $5 million in Haiti relief funds for helping Haitians. The Orlando Sanford Airport, which handles a trillion visitors a year, received $583,000 in federal funds for receiving 9500 evacuees plus volunteers and faculty. Contrast this with the Miami Global airport which handled to a higher degree four times As many passengers and did not request similar federal funds, accordant to records reviewed by the Orlando Sentinel. Federal succor funds reimbursed the airport for $32,000 in new carpets, $160,000 in landing and ramp fees, $24,000 to reimburse the airport director for his time, and $223,000 in different staff time. 21

The North American country Red Track reported receiving $486 million in donations for Haiti equally of June 2022. IT said it either spent or signed agreements to spend deuce-thirds or $330 million on relief and recovery efforts, though specific details are defiant to drop by. 22 Within weeks, the American Red Traverse, which before the earthquake had 15 people in Haiti, had raised nearly $200 million for relief operations in Haiti. Partners in Health, which pre-earthquake had 5000 people working in Haiti, raised about $40 cardinal. 23 The CEO of American Red Cross has a salary of o'er $500,000 per class. 24 As of August 2022, the American language Red Cross had spent inferior than half the money it raised for relief and reconstruction in Hayti. 25 In March 2022 the AP reportable "Tens of millions…went to U.S.-based aid groups. While much of that bought nutrient and other necessities for Haitians, it often did and so from U.S. companies — including highly subsidized rice growers whose products are undercutting localized producers, driving them out of business." 26

Rolled Stone, in an excellent clause, rumored on incomparable $1.5 million dollar contract to the NY based consulting fixed Dalberg Circular Development Advisors. Dalberg's team, according to Glenn Smucker, an anthropologist specializing in Haiti charged with briefing the squad, "had ne'er lived overseas, didn't have any disaster experience or backclot in urban provision… never carried out some broadcast activities happening the ground…" and only one of them spoke French. Despite this, the group was assigned the labor of doing an appraisal of a specific land area where the US hoped to create new communities in an attempt to depopulate Port-au-Prince. USAID reviewed Dalberg's work and found that "information technology became clear that these people may not have even gotten out of their SUVs. Indeed one area Dalberg's team found habitable was a diminutive stacks with an outdoors-mined pit, a severe 100 human foot vertical cliff and ravines." 27

An example of the politicization of this treat can be found in the $8.6 million joint contract between the United States of America Agency for External Development (USAID) and the Office of Foreign Disaster Aid with the private companies CHF and Stick out Business organisation International for debris remotion in Embrasure au Prince. 28 CHF is politically well-connected international ontogenesis company with annual budget of over $200 million. The Chief operating officer was salaried $451,813 in 2009. 29 PCI is a $30+ million dollar mark international aid group whose CEO attained $263,219 in compensation in 2009. 30 CHF's connection to Republicans and Democrats is illustrated by its board secretary, Lauri Fitz-Pegado, a cooperator with the Robert R. Livingston Group LLC. The Livingston Group is large-headed by the former Republican Speaker-designate for the 106th Intercourse, Bob Robert R. Livingston, doing lobbying and government relations. 31 Ms. Fitz-Pegado was assigned by United States President Hilary Clinton to serve in the Department of Commerce and served arsenic a penis of the adulterant policy expert adviser team connected the Obama for President Campaign. 32 CHF "whole shebang in Haiti out of two spacious mansions in Port au Prince and maintains a fleet of brand refreshing vehicles" according to Rolling Stone. 33

Presidents George W. Bush and Bill DeWitt Clinton declared a fundraising venture for Haiti on January 16, 2022. 34 As of October 2022, the stock had received $54 million in donations. 35 Information technology has partnered with several Land and international organizations. Though most of its work appears to be admirable, information technology has donated $2 million to those constructing a $29 million luxury hotel in Petionville. 36

The reconstruction has been exceedingly long-playing. A December 2022 report issued away the International Redness Cross institute that over 100,000 homes had been completely destroyed and another 200,000 badly damaged. American Samoa a solvent, 1.5 million people, 20 percent of Haiti, needed shelter later the earthquake. The international community responded by providing hundreds of thousands of tarpaulins, two tarps per family, by May 2022, three and a half months after the earthquake. Though hardly a homes are being repaired, small temporary shelters, just about 12 feet by 16 feet, are being constructed at a rate of about 7000 per month. With over a half a billion people still under tarps, shelter is a perennial way off. 37

An April 19, 2022 audited account by the USAID Office of the Inspector General (Office of Inspector General) look USAID efforts to provide transitional housing found that grantees completed only 7,179 transitional shelters, 22 percent of their mark number, and some of those shelters were substandard. USAID successful 16 grants for shelter destroyed $138 million and $37.8 million had been disbursed as of January 1, 2022. USAID issued grants were supported unrequested non-competitive proposals and the largest were awarded to Catholic Relievo Services, Cooperative Housing Foundation International and Global Vision. 38

Critics of the non-political organizations abound. ``The NGOs still have something to respond to about their accountability, because there is a lot of cash out there,'' aforementioned Nigel Fisher, the United Nation's chief human-centred officer in Haiti. ``But what about the $1.5 to $2 billion that the Red Cross and NGOs got from ordinary people, and matched aside governments, etc.? What's happened to it? And that's where IT's very delicate to trace those funds.'' 39

The International Community and Haiti

International efforts to assistance Haiti have been characterized by the aforesaid themes of bypassing the Country government and basing their charitable big finished International open and private non-governmental organizations.

In a January 2022 meeting in Montreal, the international community agreed to found a 10 twelvemonth rebuilding push for Haiti. But they refused to commit specific amounts of money or plans until concerns just about misdirection and the ability of Republic of Haiti's regime were resolved. Experts suggested devising the UN the clearinghouse for the money and closely tracking it. 40

The international community distinct it was non going to allow the Haiti government to direct the relief and retrieval funds and insisted that two institutions be ready up to approve plans and outlay for the reconstruction funds going to Haiti. The first was the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission (IHRC) and the second is the Haiti Reconstruction Fund (HRF).

The carrying out of the two worldwide commissions, the IHRC and the HRF has also been poor. The Miami Herald illustrious that as of July 2022, the $3.2 billion in projects sanctioned by the IHRC only five had been completed for a add u of $84 million. The Interim Haiti Recovery Commission (IHRC), which was seriously criticized by Haitians and others from its beginning, has been effectively suspended since its mandate complete at the remainder of October 2022. The Hispaniola Reconstruction Fund was set equal to bring on in tandem with the IHRC, so while its partner is suspended, information technology is not clear how it can move forward.

In Marchland 2022, UN countries engaged $5.3 billion over two years and a total of $9.9 billion over ternary years in a conference March 2022. The money was to be deposited with the Cosmos Bank and divided up away an internationally controlled fund called the Interim Hispaniola Recovery Commission Fund (IHRC). The IHRC was co-chaired away Bill Clinton and Jean-Max Bellerive, then the Haitian Prime Minister. 41 The IHRC was created by executive order of Country President Preval to exist for a period of time of 18 months beginning on April 21, 2022.42

This money efficaciously bypassed all the Country public political bodies. 43

By July 2022, Bill Clinton reported only 10 per centum of the pledges had been given to the IHRC. 44

The Miami Forerunner noted that equally of July 2022, the $3.2 billion in projects approved by the IHRC only quintet had been completed for a total of $84 million. 45

The IHRC was supposed to have tied numeral of Haitian and international members for voting purposes (half State representatives and half representatives of donors which betrothed more $100 cardinal) bear an audit and functioning office, expedited authority to issue title to lands, gives the Prexy of Hispaniola sanction to negative decisions within ten business days of notice and barring that the actions wish be deemed confirmed. Upon its demise, the mogul and authority of the IHRC was supposed to cease and be transferred to the government of Haiti. 46

The 12 Haitian members of the IHRC complained that they were non being communicated with by the IHRC faculty and Executive Committee during the board meeting of Dec 2022. President Clinton agreed that Sir Thomas More communication would exist upcoming but said the State board members necessary to support the IHRC better. 47

Reverberating Stone quoted a Haitian senior supranational aid policeman as saying "Behind drawn doors, the feeling of the Haitian government was this was just some other adulterating group they'd disposed permission to come in and adopt over their land. Only what could they do? The Haitian government knew it didn't have the capacity to tackle this reconstruction on its own. 48

Oxfam criticized the IHRC extraordinary year after the earthquake saying it had neither the staff nor the technical capacity to leading the reconstruction. 49

Feeling that they functioned solely as rubber stamps, the Haitian members complained of existence "completely disconnected from the activities of the IHRC"; given no background information on the projects they are supposed to fund; given no time to "read, nor canva, nor understand- and much fewer reply intelligently- to projects submitted"; no more follow-au fait the antecedently approved millions in funds; and not deliberate the names of IHRC consultants nor their respective tasks." As if to shew their guide the IHRC coming together, held in the Dominican Democracy, continuing despite the absence of co-chair and Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Georgia home boy Bellerive. 50

In Crataegus oxycantha 2022, the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) found the IHRC not fully operational even though information technology had only fivesome months left along its original mandate. Among the reasons cited for the IHRC's operational impediments were "delays in staffing the commission and defining the role of its Operation and Anticorruption Office- which IHRC officials cited as identify to establishing the commission Eastern Samoa a model of good governance." At the sentence of the audit IHRC had authorized projects estimated at $3 1000000000, only 30 % of the total of presenter pledges. The audit also recovered that the IHRC unsuccessful to direct funding to projects prioritized by Haitians. For example the Haitian government identified nigh equal cash in hand for agriculture and rubble removal, however the IHRC approved seven times many backing for agriculture projects. While the Haitian "Action Plan" outlined a need for more than $800 one thousand thousand to rebuild and improve Country government institution the IHRC authorised only $113 cardinal. Then again, IHRC approved $680 1000000 in road construction projects patc the Country's "Action Plan" estimated that they only needed $180 million. As a result of the IHRC's push aside for priorities set away the Haitian people, the GAO audited account found that the IHRC approved projects were not "providing the aid that is most desperately needed". The IHRC does not have the power to recount donors which areas to investment trust and has difficulty convincing donors to pledge to the areas needed like rubble removal. 51

Its current status is up in the melodic phrase as of the writing of this article. The 18 month authorization for the commission was due to end Friday Oct 28, 2022. As of October 22, 2022, No request from Haitian president to extend it was received. 52 The IHRC website (checked December 27, 2022) showed its next-to-last action was August 17, 2022. Its board minutes have got not been updated since December 2022. The link for latest news is blank. An email to its press contacts has not been responded to. In July 2022, Martelly announced he intended to extend the mandate of the IHRC for another year. The Miami Herald noted in July 2022 that of the $3.2 jillio in projects approved by the IHRC only Little Phoeb had been completed for a total of $84 million. 53 The IHRC website, checked on Dec 29, 2022, contains a notice that because its authorization expired October 21, 2022 "Pending a decision of the Haitian Parliament regarding the future of this psychiatric hospital, a team is presently dealing with solar day to day patronage. The (re)compliance of project proposals remains closed until further notice."

Haiti Reconstruction Fund

The HRC is other start of the puzzle of where the money comes from, where it goes and who knows what is going on.

The Haiti Reconstruction Period Investment firm is yet other entity up to her neck in the process. As of September 2022, the HRF reports pledges of $352 million in grants from donors to Haiti to be funneled through the HRF. 54 The HRF 2022-2011 annual report, issued after 12 months of work, states the HRF has been able-bodied to "mobilize over US$350 million for caparison, debris removal and management, catastrophe risk reduction, regional development, budget support, job creation, agriculture, and education. The finances have been mobilized, coordinated and allocated in support of priorities set by the Governance and its convalescence commission." 55

The HRF is administered by the World Bank atomic number 3 a pipeline for peculiar money to Haiti that has to go through one of three organizations – Bury-American Bank, the UN and the IBRD. The HRC is governed by a panel made up of one representative from Hispaniola and representatives of the stellar donor countries that have put on up at least $30 million minimum.

Information technology is interesting to note that the HRF Steering Committee met only once during the period of July to September 2022 and that was "in conjunction with the 7th IHRC Committee meeting on July 22nd, 2022" illustrating the overlap of those in armorial bearing of some institutions. 56

The HRC and the IHRC were fashioned to work out together.

The way information technology is supposed to work is that projects are inaugural approved by the IHRC then the HRF, past the donors actually get to choose what projects stick the money, how the funds are to be dispersed, who will in reality expend the money and how information technology is accounted for. With the IHRC supported, it is not clear how the HRC bequeath operate.

The most recent report posted past the HRC indicated that of the $352 one thousand thousand betrothed by donors, $270 million has been allocated, and $222 million has been disbursed to approved projects. 57

What to do

The drive so far has not been based a respectful partnership between Haitians and the world-wide community. The actions of the donor countries and the NGOs and international agencies have not been obvious so that Haitians Oregon others can track the money and see how it has been fatigued. Without transparency and a respectful partnership the Haitian people cannot hold anyone accountable for what has happened in their country. That has to switch.

The UN Specialized Envoi to Haiti suggests the generous instincts of people round the world must Be channeled by international actors and institutions in a sense that assists in the creation of a "iron public sphere and a healthy private sector." Instead of giving the money to intermediaries, funds should be oriented as far as possible to Country public and private institutions. A "Haiti First" policy can beef up common systems, promote accountability, and create jobs and build skills among the Haitian people.58

Respect, transparency and accountability are the building blocks for human rights. Haitians merit to know where the money has gone, what the plans are for the money standing left, and to be partners in the decision-making for what is to come.

After all, these are the people World Health Organization leave be solving the problems when the base-seism relief money is gone.

Notice Quigley teaches at St. Ignatius of Loyola University New Orleans, is the Associate Legal Conductor at the Concentrate for Constitutional Rights and volunteers with the Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti. Amber Ramanauskas is a attorney and human rights researcher.

Billhook can be reached at quigley77@gmail.com Amber can be reached at gintarerama@gmail.com

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1 "Haiti reconstruction toll English hawthorn left $14 million, IDB take shows," 2-16-10. Online at:
hypertext transfer protocol://www.iadb.org/nut/news/webstories/2010-02-16/haiti-earthquake-Reconstruction-could-hit-14-billion-idb,6528.html

2 HAS AID CHANGED? Channeling assistance to Haiti before and later the quake. Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti. June 2022. Pages 7, 12. Available online at: http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/download/Report_Center/has_aid_changed_en.pdf

3 The World Bank reported over 220,000 citizenry killed and 300,000 wounded. A of December 2022, they according four of eleven million cubic meters of debris take up been far, camp moving in dropped from 1.3 million to around 600,000 and schools have reopened. "Haiti/WB: 2022 Scheme focuses on disaster management, substructure, education and jobs," News Loose 2022/177/LAC, December 1, 2022, online at: HTTP://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:23059532~menuPK:282422~varlet
PK:64020865~piPK:149114~theSitePK:282386,00.hypertext mark-up language "Hayti: U.S.A $231 cardinal needed for 2022, arsenic the great unwashe continue to cope with the aftermath of quake, storms and cholera," December 1, 2022. Online at:
http://World Wide Web.unocha.org/top-stories/all-stories/Republic of Haiti-us231-million-needed-2012-people-go along-header-aftermath-earthquake-st

4 Take in Haiti Government Gets 1 cent of U.S. aid dollar, Associated Press, January 27, 2022 accessed at
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/I.D./35103622/ns/world_news-Haiti/t/haiti-government-gets-cent-us-attention-one dollar bill/#

5 Jeff Zelney, "Obama Pledges US Aid to Haiti," March 10, 2022, NYT.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/11/world/americas/11prexy.html?ref=haiti6 FY2010 Supplemental for Wars, Disaster Assistance, Haiti Relief and Other Programs, August

6, 2022, Congressional Research Overhaul, page 52. Online at: HTTP://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/R41232.pdf

7 "AP: Republic of Haiti got acquiring little US quake aid," January 28, 2022, USA Today. Online at: http://www.usatoday.com/tidings/world/2010-01-27-Haiti-aid_N.htm "Each American English dollar more or less breaks downfield similar this: 42 cents for calamity assistance, 33 cents for U.S. military aid, nine cents for food, nine cents to transport the food, quintuplet cents for paying Haitian survivors for recovery efforts, just to a lesser degree one centime to the Haitian government, and near uncomplete a cent to the Land Republic."

8 HAS Assistance Transformed? Channeling assistance to Haiti before and later the earthquake. Office of the Special Envoi for Haiti. June 2022. Page 15. Free online at: http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/download/Report_Center/has_aid_changed_en.pdf

9 Law-makers Search Service, 'FY2010 Supplemental for Wars, Disaster Assistance, Haiti Moderation and Other Programs," August 6, 2022, Report 7-5700, R41232, Page 52. Online at: http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/R41232.pdf

10 "State companies smooth sidelined from Reconstruction Contracts," Apr 19, 2022. Nerve center for Economic and Policy Research, report online at: http://web.cepr.net/index number.php/blogs/relief-and-reconstructive memory-watch/
haitian-companies-still-sidelined-from-Reconstruction-contracts

11 HAITI: From the Ground Upwards, March 2, 2022 news report of Refugees International. http://www.refugeesinternational.org/insurance policy/subject field-report/haiti-ground

12 Maura O'Connor, "Does International Assist Keep Haiti Poor?" SLATE, January 7, 2022. Online at: http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/dispatches/features/2011/
does_international_aid_keep_haiti_poor/the_un_cluster_system_is_as_bad_as_it_sounds.html

13 General Periodic Review of Right to Housing in Haiti Compliance, March 2022, paragraphs 14-16. Online at: http://ijdh.org/archives/17932

14 "HAITI RECONSTRUCTION: US efforts have begun, expanded oversight still to be implemented," May 2022. GAO-11-415. Combined page summary online at: http://www.GAO.gov/assets/320/318640.pdf Full written report online at: HTTP://WWW.gao.gov/new.items/d11415.pdf $120 meg to HRF at page 19.

15 "HAITI Reconstruction Period: Factors Contributing to Delays in USAID Infrastructure Grammatical construction," November 2022, GAO-12-68, available online at: http://World Wide Web.gao.gov/assets/590/586703.pdf

16 Ansel Herz and Kim Ives, "Wikileaks Hispaniola: The Post-Temblor 'Golden Rush' for Reconstruction Period Contracts," The Country, June 15, 2022. Online at: http://www.thenation.com/article/161469/wikileaks-haiti-post-quake-chromatic-rush-reconstructive memory-contracts

17 Encounter Herz and Ives, Wikileaks, The Nation, supra.

18 Lever Wyss and Jacqueline Charles, "A year later, Haiti's recovery gridlocked," Miami Herald, January 8, 2022. Online at: http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/01/08/v-fullstory/2007280/a-year-later-haitis-recovery-gridlocked.html

19 Ben Fox, "Ex-United States of America official surs contractor in Haiti for fees," Associated Press, December 31, 2022, reprinted in Business Calendar week available online at: http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9KF42PO2.htm

20 Shaila Dewan, "US Suspends Haitian Lift in Cost Difference," NYT, January 29, 2022. http://web.nytimes.com/2010/01/30/us/30airlift.html?ref=Hayti

21 Scott Maxwelll, "Was Union soldier money Sanford airport got subsequently Haiti earthquake reimbursement – or net income?" Orlando Sentinel, January 8, 2022. Online at: http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-01-08/news/os-scott-maxwell-sanford-earthquake-
020110108_1_diane-crews-landing-fees-flights

22 Haiti Earthquake Response, Two year Update, January 2022. Online at: HTTP://www.redcross.org/www-files/Documents/pdf/international/Haiti/HaitiEarthquake_TwoYearReport.pdf

23 Stephanie Strom, "Haiti crisis prompts fresh talk of pooling US relif money," February 1, 2022. NYT. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/02/us/02charity.html?ref=haiti

24 Prince Philip Rucker, "Corporate Leader named Red Cross CEO," WP, April 9, 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/clause/2008/04/08/AR2008040801553.html

25 http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/08/22 Felix Salmon, Where Haiti's Money Has Gone.

26 (See $2.2 billion in Haiti aid leads to tugboat of warfare http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35732589/ns/world_news-haiti_earthquake/)

27 "How the World Failed Haiti," Reitman, Janet, Roll Endocarp, accessed at www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/how-the-world-failed-haiti

28 http://WWW.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/
sectors/files/fy2011/shelter_settlements_sector_update_03-2011.pdf

29 See Manikin for 2009, Schedule J, Part II, compensation, finis see posted, at: http://www.chfinternational.org/publications/CHF-990-FY2010.pdf

30 see pci-fy10_990.pdf identical indulgent to find their 990. Curious.

31 http://www.livingstongroupdc.com/index.php

32 http://www.livingstongroupdc.com/honorable_lauri_fitz_pegado.php

33 Janet Reitman, Hispaniola article in Ringing Stone supra.

34 Helene Cooper, "A presidential treble plea for Haiti fund," January 16, 2022. NYT. HTTP://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/globe/americas/17prexy.hypertext markup language?ref=haiti

35 HTTP://www.clintonbushhaitifund.org/pages/faq#5

36 "The Hilary Rodham Clinton Bush Haiti monetary fund ready-made a almost $2m equity investment in the Oasis Hotel. The $29 million, Haitian closely-held, 130 room hotel and retail space will be managed by Occidental Hotels and Resorts." Quote from fund internet site at: HTTP://www.clintonbushhaitifund.org/programs/entry/oasis/

37 "An evaluation of the Haiti earthquake 2022 meeting shelter of necessity: Issues, achievements and constraints," EPYPSA and Internationalistic Federation of Red Fussy and Red Crescent Societies, Dec 2022. Pages 20, 23. Online at: hypertext transfer protocol://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/HTShelterClusterReview11.pdf

38 April 19, 2022 Memo from OIG, Audit of USAID's Efforts to Provide Shelter in Haiti, Report First-521-11-003-P, USAID, page 2. Available online at: http://www.usaid.gov/OIG/public/fy11rpts/1-521-11-003-p.pdf

39 Frances Robles, "Critics question funds for Haiti," Miami Herald, Junary 9, 2022. Online at: hypertext transfer protocol://www.miamiherald.com/2011/01/09/v-fullstory/2008079/critics-question-funds-raised.html ; Find out also Janet Reitman article in Rolling Stone for similar critiques.

40 Marc Lacey and Ginger Thompson, "Agreement on Effort to Help Haiti Recoil," NYT January 25, 2022. hypertext transfer protocol://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/world/americas/26haiti.html?ref=haiti

41 Neil MacFarquhar, "Skepticism on Pledges for Haiti," March 31, 2022, NYT, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/01/human race/americas/01haiti.html?referee=haiti

42 Govern of Chief Executive Preval, April 21, 2022. online at: http://en.cirh.ht/files/pdf/ihrc_decree_20100421.pdf

43 (Bestower Aid Disbursements Increase 0.6 Percentage Points in 2.5 months, Revolve around for Economic Insurance policy Research, 6/23/11 accessed at (www.canadahaitiaction.ca/pleased/giver-aid-disbursements-increase-06-percentage-points-25-months). Members of the Haitian senate complained that Bellrieve had surrendered Haitian sovereignty to the IHRC. Bellrieve agreed with his critics but said he hoped the government could get over "autonomous in its decisions" at some point. Bellerive has also criticized the international biotic community for not allowing Haiti to play a large role in its have reconstruction. (Critics Question Funds Raised for Haiti, Robles, Frances, The Miami Harbinger, 1/09/11).

44 Jean-Max Bellerive and Bill Clinton, "Finishing Haiti's Undone Work," NYT, July 11, 2022 at HTTP://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/12/opinion/12clinton-1.hypertext markup language?ref=haiti

45 Lesley Kenneth Bancroft Clark and Jacqueline Charles, "Martellly to reform Haiti Reconstruction panel," Miami Herald, July 21, 2022. Online at: http://web.miamiherald.com/2011/07/21/2325320/martelly-to-reform-haiti-reconstruction.HTML#storylink=misearch

46 See old provisions in April 21, 2022 order of President Preval, supra, and Sections 27 and 28 of the by laws of the IHRC. http://en.cirh.ht/files/pdf/ihrc_bylaws_20100615.pdf and Haiti Approves Key Post-Quake Reconstruction Body, 4/16/10, Guyler Delva, Joseph, Reuters and Clinton-Led Reconstruction Commission Starts Rising In Haiti, AP 6/18/10 accessed at http://newsone.com/nation/associatedpress2/clinton-light-emitting diode-reconstruction-commission-starts-upfield-in-haiti/

47 Minutes of December 14, 2022 of the IHRC. http://en.cirh.ht/files/pdf/ihrc_board_minutes_december_14_2010.pdf

48 (How the World Failing Haiti, Reitman, Janet Rolling Stone, 8/5/2011).

49 ("From Assuagement to Retrieval: Supporting good organisatio in post-earthquake Haiti" Oxfam, 1/6/11 p. 3 at www.oxfam.org/nut/insurance policy/relief-recovery p.3).

50 (One Year Later, Haiti Hasn't Built Vertebral column Better, The Nation, Doucet, Isabeau,1/12/11).

51 (Haiti Reconstructive memory: US Efforts Have Begun, Expanded Oversight Still to Cost Implemented, GAO-11-415 May, 19 2022 accessed at www.gao.gov/new.items/d11414.pdf p.42, 43 45-6).

52 "Haiti Quake Panel's Mandate Ends," AP, October 22, 2022. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/haiti-quake-panels-mandate-ends-14790186

53 Lesley Charles Joseph Clark and Jacqueline Charles, "Martellly to reform Haiti reconstruction dialog box," Miami Herald, July 21, 2022. Online at: HTTP://www.miamiherald.com/2011/07/21/2325320/martelly-to-reform-haiti-reconstruction.html#storylink=misearch

54 HRF Quarterly Update, Issue 1: Fall 2022. http://www.haitireconstructionfund.org/hrf/system/files/private/HRF%20Fall%202011%20Quarterly%20Update%20.pdf

55 HRF Annual Report, June 2022, http://www.haitireconstructionfund.org/hrf/sites/haitireconstructionfund.org/files/HRF%202011%20Annual%20Report.pdf

56 HRF Period of time Update, Issue 1: Fall 2022. hypertext transfer protocol://www.haitireconstructionfund.org/hrf/system of rules/files/private/HRF%20Fall%202011%20Quarterly%20Update%20.pdf

57 HRF report September 2022, Page 2 – pledged, page Thomas Nelson Page 7 – disbursements, online at: http://www.haitireconstructionfund.org/hrf/system/files/private/HRF%20Financial%20Report%20August%2031%202011_1.pdf

58 Special Envoy reputation, supra, Pages 21- 23. Online at: hypertext transfer protocol://World Wide Web.haitispecialenvoy.org/download/Report_Center/has_aid_changed_en.pdf

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